ბურუსი – BURUSI

gyxovt kvelaperi moidziot rac ki sheidzleba niko nikoladzis shesaxeb

martla xalxo niko nikoladzis muzeumshii 3 dgis win viyavvii ra magaria iseti saswauli ezoaaq im muzeums nu saxli didi araperi

“მრწამსი” არა და ნიკო ნიკოლაძის “ჩემს პოლიტიკაზედ” შეგიძლიათ წაიკითხოთ წიგნში – ნიკო ნიკოლაძე, “მოგონებები”

niko nikolaZe rionze naosnobis Sesaxeb

mdinare rionze naosnobis sakiTxi araerTxel dasmula da ganaxlebula. ukanasknelad gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi ingliseli mecnierisa da mogzauris tim severinis saqarTveloSi Camosvlisas kidev erTxel gaixsenes, TiTqos gzebic dasaxes naosnobis, tvirTbrunvis, sportuli, turistuli da sxvadasxva mizniT Cveni mdinareebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. samwuxarod, rogorc xdeba xolme, aravis gaxsenebia Cveni didi Tanamemamulis niko nikolaZis Rvawli da damsaxureba am saqmeSi.
Cven am weriliT oden nikolaZis am sakiTxSi monawileobis Sexseneba gvsurs sazogadoebisaTvis. da kidev imisa, rom quTaisis saporto qalaqad moxsenieba arasodes yofila dRemde qilikis sagani. mas mudam seriozulad ganixilavdnen (ix. gaz. “komunisti”; 1985 wlis 16 ivnisi, #118; gaz. “axalgazrda komunisti”; 1988 wlis 2 ivlisi, # 80; gaz. “quTaisi”; 1989 wlis 18 Tebervali, #38 da a. S.).
1926 wels gamovida niko nikolaZis broSura “mdinare rionze naosnobis ekonomikuri mniSvneloba”, romlis SesavalSi – “winasityvaobis magier” – vigebT, rom 1926 wlis 11 ianvars Catarda pirveli TaTbiri saqarTvelos sagegmo komitetis, saqarTvelos samdinaro meurneobis, amierkavkasiis samdinaro mimosvlis sammarTvelosa da portebis ganyofilebis warmomadgenlebisa da mowveuli n. i. nikolaZis monawileobiT, romelzec Sedga sagangebo komisia md. rionze naosnobis dawyebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxis SemuSavebisaTvis (komisiis Semadgenlobis CamoTvla aq sainteresod ar mimaCnia). am mizniT saqarTvelos saxkomsabWos mier gacemuli 3,000 maneTiT ssrk samdinaro mimosvlis sammarTvelosa da portebis ganyofilebis mier Catarda dazverviTi samuSaoebi mdinare rionisa samtrediis xididan SesarTavamde, ramac aRmoaCina am monakveTze naosnobis gaxsnis sruli SesaZlebloba. amave dros komisiis wevrma n. i. nikolaZem, cnobilma ekonomistma da adgilobrivi pirobebis mcodnem, ganacxada Tanxmoba usasyidlod Seedgina ekonomikuri werili md. rionze naosnobis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.
nikolaZem dauyovnebliv Seasrula Tavisi saqme – man Seadgina ekonomikuri dasabuTeba md. rionze naosnobis organizaciis aucileblobisa, risi wyalobiTac rionze naosnobis dawyebis organizaciuli sakiTxebis mogvareba daCqarda – gamoiyo naosnobis uzrunvesayofad saWiro aucilebeli Tanxebi, SemuSavda saaqcio sazogadoebis wesdeba, SerCeul da moZiebul iqna samdinaro trasportis optimaluri saxeobebi da daiwyo mTeli mxarisa da gansakuTrebiT md. rionis xeobis sasoflo sameurneo cxovrebis gamococxlebisaTvis am umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxis mogvareba (rionze naosnoba sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT 1936 wlamde arsebobda).
rionze naosnobis aRdgenis mniSvnelobaze saubars nikolaZe am Temis istoriuli mimoxilviT iwyebs, raSic Cans Cveni didi Tanamemamulis Rrma codna sakiTxis istoriuli mxarisa da isic, rom nikos kargad esmis am naosnobis mniSvnelobis aramarto sameurneo mxare, igi mis strategiulsa da politikur datvirTvazec laparakobs. mimoixilavs rionis auzis sxva did Tu mcire zomis mdinareebis damxmare funqciasac rionTan erTad am mdinareebSi wylis aucilebeli doneebis regulirebisa da amisaTvis gamosadegi sazRvao Tu samdinaro transportis saxeebis, orTqlmavlebisa da sxva saxis tranportis moZraobis marSrutis grafiks, aqve iZleva cnobebs 70-ian wlebamde foTi-orpiris marSrutis Rirebulebasac.
1873 wlidan rionze naosnoba da vaWroba Sewyda foTi-Tbilisis sarkinigzo magistralis aSenebis gamo, radgan “rkinigzam naosnobidan miitaca yvela satransporto tvirTi”, Tumca, rogorc nikolaZe ambobs, – “adgilobrivi mkvidri mosaxleobis mcire nawils-Ra SeeZlo gaekvlia gza TavisTvis da Tavisi naRvawisTvis axalgaxsnili rkinigzis sadgurebisken.” marTalia, aman xeli Seuwyo am adgilebSi meurneobis ganviTarebas, magram es iyo mosaxleobis mcire nawili. danarCeni – rionis xeobis marjvena sanapiros TiTqmis mTeli mosaxleoba ki iZulebuli gaxda dabruneboda pirvelyofil saSualebebs an produqcia ufasod gaesaRebinaT kulakebTan, an tivebiT CaezidaT foTSi. nikolaZe eWvqveS ayenebs naosnobis funqcionirebisaTvis xelis SemSlelad mdinaris xergilebisagan gawmendis Sewyvetas mTavrobisagan, radgan Tundac 1877 wels, ruseT-TurqeTis omis dawyebis win, naosnobisa da vaWrobis rusulma sazogadoebam rionze zeviT, foTidan orpiramde orTqmavlis buqsiriT aiyvana ori barJa mdinaris xergilebisagan winaswari gawmendis gareSe. 5 wlis gauwmendav mdinareSi barJebsa da orTqlmavals mdinaris mTel gayolebaze aranairi dabrkoleba ar Sexvedria.
“mTeli naxevari saukunis manZilze”, – wers nikolaZe, – “rionze naosnobis Sewyvetis droidan rom gaiara, qveynis ekonomiuri ganviTareba wavida win giganturi nabijebiT. yovelgvari siZneleebis miuxedavad, rionis xeobis aRmosavleT nawilis, gansakuTrebiT, misi marjvena, rionSi md. texuras SesarTavis zemoTa mxaris tvirTma da mosaxleobam gaikvlies gza rkinigzis sadgurebisken Saragzebis farTo qselSi, mosaxleobam rom moawyo, magram am marjvena sanapiros dasavleTi nawili, gansakuTrebiT md. civis SesarTavidan dawyebuli da aseve TiTqmis rionis mTeli marcxena sanapiro TiTqmis mTlianad mowyvetili iyo srulyofil sagzao mimosvlas. mxolod rionze naosnobis aRdgenas SeuZlia am farTo raionis ekonomiuri moRvaweobisaTvis gamowveva. klimaturi da niadaguri pirobebi mowodebulni arian ara marto soflis meurneobis, aramed warmoebis sxva dargebis intensiuri ganviTarebisaTvis”.
შეmdeg nikolaZe dawvrilebiT aRwers kolxeTis dablobisa da kavkasionis qedis am monakveTis mTiswineTs kodoris auzis CaTvliT, mdinareTa ganlagebas am sivrceze, mxaris klimatur pirobebs, havas, wylis SefardebiT doneebs am mdinareebSi, mdinareebis erTmaneTSi gadadinebis procesebs adidebisas sezonurad da amis Sedegebs, naleqebis wliur da sezonur raodenobas, mdinareebis mier mTebidan wamoRebul danaleqebs da am danaleqebis gavlenas mdinareebisa da zRvis sanapiro zolSi niadagis, miwis safaris cvlilebebze, mdinareTa sezonuri adidebis Sedegad sxvadasxva bunebrivi pirobebiT gamowveul mdinareTa kalapotebis, mimarTulebebis cvlilebebs, mosaxleobis gansaxlebas mdinareebis gaswvriv, maT sameurneo da savaWro saqmianobas, mcenareul safars da sxva.
Tavisi naSromis meore nawilSi (“statistikuri mimoxilva”) avtori iZleva md. rionis xeobis samive regionis (“mazrebis”) – imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos – soflis mosaxleobis gansaxlebis simWidrovisa da sameurneo saqmianobis daxasiaTebas, saxeobebis, moculobebis gaTvaliswinebiT; heqtarze sxvadasxva kulturis mosavlianobasa da glexebis mier xe-tyiTa da sxvadasxva saxis produqciiT vaWrobis moculobas, tvirTis savaWrod gadazidvis saSualebebs rkinigziT, mdinareSi SecurebiT, mdinareze naosnobiT da a.S. avtori iqve dasZens: – “zusti monacemebis uqonlobis miuxedavad, ueWvelia, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobis soflis meurneobis damxmare dargebis produqtebi, rogoricaa mebostneoba, mebaReoba, mefrinveleoba, meabreSumeoba, mecxoveleoba da a.S. miscemen rionis navigacias aTeul aTasze aranaklebi raodenobis kargad anazRaurebul tvirTs.”
sarkinigzo sadgurebamde mdinareebiT produqciis gadazidvis siZneleebsa da saSualebebis, moculobis aRweris Semdeg nikolaZe daaskvnis: – “ukve msoflio omis win iyo saxeze monacemebi rionze regularuli naosnobis mosawyobad. iqamde maSin arsebuli savaWro-samgzavro moZraobis erTi mesamedi nawili savsebiT kmaroda ara marto aseTi dawesebulebis xarjebis dasafaravad, aramed daxarjuli kapitalis procentebis Warbad gadasaxdeladac.”
mesame Tavშi – “dawesebulebis (albaT, aq unda igulisxmebodes – “saaqcio sazogadoebა” an ssrk samdinaro mimosvlis sammarTvelo da portebis ganyofileba) sqema” ნიკო წერს, რომ „რიონის სანაოსნო რაიონის სტატისტიკური მიმოხილვა გვაძლევს იმის გამოთვლის საფუძველს, რომ ამ „დაწესებულების“ წლიურმა ბრუნვამ, შეიძლება, მისი მუშაობის პირველ წlebSi miaRwios savaWro-samgzavro moZraobis mesameds imisa, rac arsebobda am raionSi 1913 wels, e.i. 250.000 mgzavris gadayvanas da 4.870.000 fuTi tvirTis gadazidvas. mgzavr-kilometris 1,5 kap. da fuT-kilometr 0,15 kap. tarifis dros saSualod 60 kilometr gzis sigrZeze warmoebas SeuZlia mogvces yovelwliurad 225,600 maneTi mgzavrTa moZraobidan da 438,300 maneTi – satvirTosagan. 663,300 maneTi Senaxvisa da gadatvirTvisaTvis damatebiTi anakrebebis CauTvlelad. am Semosavals advilad gavzrdiT, klientebisaTvis zaralis gareSe, Tu sanaosnos Tbomavlebsa da barJebs movamaragebT Tanamedrove mowyobilobiT da transportiorebiT saqonlis meqanikuri gadazidvisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT – simindisa. movamaragebT sanaosnos navmisadgomebs mcire zomis beRlebiT da movawyobT foTSi transportiorebs xorblis gadasazidad portSi mdgar sazRvao gemebze, anda sanaosnos xaroebsa da SeSis vagonebSi, an rkinigzis sawyobebSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi es operaciebi, variantTa sistemis miRebisas sanaosnos mier, mniSvnelovnad gazrdian da Seamsubuqeben simindisa da tyis masalebis gatanas, adgilobrivi mosaxleobisa da misi momsaxure naosnobisaTvis didi sargebliT. cnobilia, rom foTis gavliT simindis gadagzavnis ganviTarebisaTvis arsebiTi xelis SemSleli garemoeba yovelTvis iyo misi iq Senaxvis aucilebloba sazRvao tranportis mosvlamde da maTi mosvlisTanave marcvlis xelaxla gadayra beRlebidan sarkinigzo vagonebSi portSi gemamde misatanad, romlis sacavebSi (triumebSi) igi iyreboda xeliT da ara elevatoris saSualebiT.”
Semdeg nikolaZes mohyavs gasavlisa da Semosavlis wliuri gaangariSebebi da daaskvnis: “dawesebulebis (sanaosnos) Semosavali saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa gaizardos orjer, samjer da metjerac da mainc ar miaRwevs mdinarispira mosaxleobisaTvis axlandeli gadazidvebis Rirebulebas. magram dabali ganakveTis drosac ki gamodis, rom rionis transportis saerTo Sedegi weliwadSi mogvcems:
Semosavali . . . . . 476.250 maneTs
gasavali . . . . . . 368.159 maneTs
an, dawesebulebaSi Cadebuli da aTeuli procentiani zrdiT anazRaurebuli, kapitalze oci procentiT mets.
komentaris saxiT davamatebdi (da iqneb kidev vinmes gauCndes survili am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT azris gamoTqmisa):
nikolaZis es narkvevi CvenTvis sainteresoa ara marto istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, aramed imiT, rom orpiramde mdinare rionis sanaosnod da savaWro mimosvlisTvis gamoyenebas Tu gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi, mimosvlis saSualebaTa da teqnikis maSindel pirobebSi SeeZlo mogebis motana saxelmwifosaTvis da mosaxleobis cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobeseba, dRes, damoukideblobis pirobebSi miT ufro saSur saqmed sCans rionis da sxva didi mdinareebis gamoyeneba sanaosnod, tvirTis gadasazidad, sportuli da turistuli TvalsazrisiT da sxva. xolo, rac Seexeba quTaisis saporto qalaqobas, orpiri, mogexsenebaT, arc ise Sorsaa quTaisidan. orpiramde da orpiridan tvirTis gadazidva, mgzavrebis gadayvana (turistebisac) da a. S. mdinare rioniT transportirebas gaaiafebda, gaaiolebda mimosvlas, rionze naosnoba mimzidveli iqneboda turistebisTvisac. es, albaT, cota gverdzec gagvaxedebda – met yuradRebas migvaqcevinebda mdinareTa kalapotebis sisufTavisaTvis (xSirad xom mdinaris napirebi nagavsayreladaa qceuli), iaffasiani msubuqi sanaosno (samgzavro) an Tundac tvirTis gadasatani samdinaro trasportis adgilze damzadeba da Sebamisi sawarmoebis gaxsna mcire biznesis saxiT adgilobriv muSaxels daasaqmebda, mdinareTa gaswvriv arsebuli Waobebis daSrobis problemazec davfiqrdebodiT – am ubnebze melioraciuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebaze, rac saZovrebisa da noyieri saxnav-saTesi farTobebis problemasac moagvarebda…
ocnebas kaci ar mouklavs. arc SeuZlebelia araferi! evropaSi Tu yvela erovnul resurss potenciurad merkantiluri kuTxiT afaseben da iyeneben, Cven ratom ar unda gamoviyenoT RvTiT boZebuli bunebrivi simdidre da rezervebi gonivrulad da maqsimalurad?! rogorc didi niko ambobda: – “brmac ki unda mixvdes, rom yoveli saSualeba, romelic am sazogadoebas ganaviTarebs da gaaZlierebs, romelic mas gulSi imeds Caunergavs an mxarSi Zalas miscems, sasargeblo iqneba Cveni xalxisaTvis”, an “ xalxi maSin aris Zlieri da bednieri, roca mTeli misi Zala Tanamedrove mecnierebis iaraRiTaris aRWurvili, mis sasargeblod ixmareba da moqmedebs… sanam umoqmedo nawili Cveni sazogadoebisa Sromas da Tavis rCenas ar SeeCveva, sanam Cveni xalxi mewveli Zroxis mdgomareobidan ar gamova, SeuZlebelia, rom rom CvenSi namdvili erToba daarsdes, an gulwrfeli Zmoba an xeiriani ganwyobileba. maSasadame, yvelaferi, rac ekonomiur samarTlianobas gvaaxloebs, Cvenis mamulis sasargeblod unda migvaCndes da niadag imas unda vcdilobdeT, rom xalxis umravles nawils gavuadviloT Tavis gaTavisufleba exlandelis damokidebul mdgomareobisagan…”.

lia bibileiSvili
niko nikolaZis saxl-muzeumis direqtori